By Chigozie Chukwuemeka
Africa is home to a rich array of cultural and natural treasures, with several nations leading the continent in the number of sites recognized by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Sites are designated by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as locations of “Outstanding Universal Value” to humanity. These sites are recognized for their exceptional cultural or natural importance and are protected under the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention.
Ethiopia and South Africa share the top rank, each boasting 12 World Heritage Sites that showcase everything from ancient human origins and liberation history to unique geological formations and rock-hewn churches. These countries, along with North African nations like Morocco and Tunisia, are custodians of globally significant heritage that plays a vital role in preserving the continent’s diverse history and natural beauty. Nigeria is tied with Rwanda and Seychelles with 2 sites each.
Below is a list of the Top 10 African Countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
- Ethiopia: 12 sites
- South Africa: 12 sites
- Morocco: 9 sites
- Tunisia: 9 sites
- Kenya: 8 sites
- Algeria: 7 Sites
- Egypt: 7 sites
- Senegal: 7 sites
- Tanzania: 7 sites
- Cote d’Ivoire, DR Congo, Libya, Zimbabwe: 5 sites
Leading the country with the highest number of heritage sites globally is Italy with 60 sites, followed by China with 59, and Germany with 54.
1 Italy – 60 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Italy has the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites across the globe, 60 in total. This remarkable count reflects Italy’s extraordinary historic depth, from ancient Rome and the Renaissance to medieval cities and stunning landscapes. When in Italy, one can’t ignore the Historic center of Rome, Venice along with its lagoon, Pompeii and Herculaneum, the majestic Dolomites, the Historic center of Siena, among other wonderful UNESCO world heritage sights in the country.
2 China – 59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
China ranks second globally with 59 World Heritage Sites. China’s heritage list reflects its long and influential civilisation. The sites include major imperial and historic landmarks, ancient engineering marvels and natural wonders. Some of the most famous ones include the Great Wall of China, one of the most recognisable heritage sites in the world, the Forbidden City (China’s imperial palace complex in Beijing), the Terracotta Army in Xi’an, Mount Huangshan scenic region, and Jiuzhaigou Valley national park. Have you seen these places up close?
3 Germany – 54 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Germany holds third place with 54 World Heritage Sites to its name. The country’s list captures a wide range of heritage, from medieval cathedrals and castles to modern architectural achievements and culturally significant industrial landscapes. Love history? Then you will find these sights fascinating: Cologne Cathedral, Würzburg Residence, Palaces of King Ludwig II in Bavaria, Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District in Hamburg and Berlin Museum Island.
4 France – 53 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
France is next with 53 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, showcasing its cultural, historical and natural richness. From prehistoric cave art to Gothic cathedrals and monumental royal palaces, France’s sites reflect its influence on art, science and civilisation. For those interested in history, a trip to the famous Palace of Versailles is a must. The palace is a symbol of French monarchy and Renaissance art. Mont-Saint-Michel, a tidal island with medieval architecture, is an adventure one would remember for a long time. The Historic Centre of Lyon, and the prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère Valley should be on every explorer’s wishlist.
5 Spain – 50 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Spain ranks fifth with 50 World Heritage Sites on the global list. The country’s sites reflect centuries of cultural influence, from ancient Roman and Moorish civilisations to its Golden Age heritage and artistic innovations. For tourists visiting Spain for the first time, the Spain-itinerary must include Alhambra and Generalife in Granada, the Historic City of Toledo, works of Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona (including the iconic Sagrada Família), and Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route among many others.
