United States of America is home to the world’s largest estimated Romani (Roma) population, followed by Brazil, Spain, Romania and Türkiye, according to a new infographic shared by Civixplorer, highlighting the global distribution of one of the world’s largest ethnic minorities.
The data estimates that United States of America has about 1 million Romani people, making it the largest Roma community globally. Brazil ranks second with an estimated 800,000, while Spain follows with 750,000. Romania is estimated to have 569,000, and the Türkiye rounds out the top five with around 500,000 people of Romani heritage.
Other countries with sizeable estimated Romani populations include Bulgaria (325,000), Hungary (309,000), France (300,000), Argentina (300,000) and United Kingdom (225,000), where the Roma community represents one of the country’s largest ethnic minorities.
The Romani people trace their ancestral origins to the Indian subcontinent before migrating westward centuries ago. Today, Roma communities are found across Europe, the Americas and parts of Asia, maintaining diverse cultural traditions, languages and identities while contributing to the social and economic life of their host countries.
Experts note that estimating Romani populations remains challenging because many countries rely on census self-identification, while some Roma choose not to declare their ethnicity due to historical discrimination or social stigma. As a result, official census figures are often significantly lower than estimates produced by researchers and international organisations.
The latest rankings underscore both the widespread global presence of the Romani people and the continued importance of reliable demographic data in shaping policies on inclusion, education, employment and social development.
